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Clinical training for the fellows occurs in the following three venues:
Out-patient clinic: trainees are expected to gain experience in the evaluation, differential diagnosis, and management of children and adolescents with the full spectrum of rheumatic conditions. Fellows attend UCSF and outreach clinics during their clinical year. They will learn how to field phone calls regarding these patients, determine urgency by phone, and perform appropriate physical examination, ordering of studies, interpretation of studies, and institution and management of therapy.
In-patient service: trainees are expected to learn how to manage acutely ill patients with rheumatic conditions, including those with life-threatening complications.
Procedures: trainees are expected to perform the following procedures before graduation: aspiration or intra-articular steroid injection of elbow, wrist, knee and ankle.
Rehabilitation: trainees are expected to observe PT and OT evaluations and to gain an understanding of the principles and techniques of rehabilitation.
Continuity: trainees are expected to conduct a continuity clinic during their research years in which they follow a cohort of patients over time to develop an appreciation for and competency in the management of chronic issues.
Learning Objectives for the clinical training include the following:
Diagnostic testing and procedures: Fellows are expected to learn the techniques of arthrocentesis, and how to interpret synovial fluid analysis, and common laboratory tests such as sedimentation rate; C-reactive protein; iron studies, including ferritin; rheumatoid factor; antinuclear antibodies; anti-ds-DNA; anti-SS-A/Ro; anti-SS-B/La; anti-U1-RNP; anti-Sm; anti-ribosomal P; anticentromere; antitopoisomerase 1; SCL-70; antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies; cryoglobulins; complement component levels; CH50; serum protein electrophoresis; serum immunoglobulin levels; LE cell preparation; RPR; lupus anticoagulant; anticardiolipin antibodies; HLA typing; antihistone antibodies; ASO and other streptococcal antibody tests; Lyme serologies; circulating immune complexes; lymphocyte subset and function data. Additionally they are instructed in the interpretation of diagnostic imaging studies such as plain radiographs, radionuclide scanning techniques, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and arteriograms. Finally, they are instructed in the interpretation of biopsy specimens including histochemistry and immunofluorescence of tissues.
Therapeutic modalities and strategies: Instruction in the use of pharmacologic agents and rehabilitation is taught in the both the in-and out-pt setting. Methods of rehabilitation including range of motion, strengthening and stretching exercises, rest and splinting, thermal and spa therapy, aids and appliances are taught in collaboration with the PM&R staff.
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